Candide-Minhyo


 * **NEW CRITIC**: finding the quotes; the KEY passages; explains how they work in relation to our work/evidence
 * **CHARACTER ANALYST**: look at the AUTHOR's point of view. (How he creates them and WHY); changes (dynamic)/no changes (static) [when, why the characters change]
 * **PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITIC**: how the human mind works [male/female; old/young; eastern/western; rich/poor; THE AUTHOR: go beyond the story and ask Qs about the author]
 * **HISTORIAN**: how the book mirrors its time. [what was happening in the author's world while he was writing the story; find connections]
 * **ANTHROPOLOGIST**: CULTURE [taking off the mask and showing what is underneath]--unmasking...
 * **PHILOSOPHER KING**: big ideas/themes

1. What are the three biggest targets of Voltaire's satire in these pages? Discuss, and give evidence by quoting exact passages.

2. Does Swift, in //Gulliver's Travels,// attack any of the targets you identified in question 1? Find passages from Swift's book as evidence. Then write a paragraph for each one, and discuss the similarities and/or differences.

3. Write from each of the starred roles in our literature circles, and discuss your section from each point of view.

New Critic: //"...a combination of ignorance and complacency, which asserts that all is well everywhere because I'm doing pretty well in the tiny corner of the world I happen to know."// The Optimistic view of the world in Candide's mind

Character Analyst: Now in a different position, Cacambo still remains as a good friend of Candide still trying to help him out by anysort of way, even if his status may have changed

Historian: The 18th Hundred when Capitalism was growing, and Voltaire was flattered by how powerless the kings and nobilities were to the new changes.

Psychological Critic:

Philosopher King: Opitimism, Religion, Corruption, morals of Sex and Rape? i guess

Anthropologist: As the six dethroned kings Again, shows culture by showing that European Aritocracy Fighting over the throne, and the rise of capitalism which made the kings and nobles powerless to the certain point.


 * New Critic**: 'All events form a chain in this, the best of all possible worlds. After all, had you not been expelled from a beautiful castle with great kicks to the behind for the love of Mademoiselle Cunegode, and had you not been turned over to the Inquisition, and had you not roamed America on foot, and had you not run the Baron thorugh with a fine thrus of your sword, and had you not lost all your sheep from the good land of Eldorado, you would not be sitting here now eating cadied citron and pistachios.' - 'that is well said,' replied Candide, 'but we must cultivate our garden'"

The "happy ending," explaining every situations and hardships they went through to reach this point. But the final phrase, where "but we must cultivate our garden" I think tries to say that now everything has been given to us, all there left is happiness


 * Character Analysis**: Pangloss, with his Optimistic theories and philosophies at the beginning does not change at the end also where he still makes reader think that his philosophies might actually have been true.

Do you think Candide, actually believe the teachings of Pangloss and actually tried to support his theories?
 * Phychological Critic**: Q's


 * Historian**: According to my reserach, Pangloss was a satrization of the 1700's philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, and he was the philosopher came up with the idea of optimism that our universe is the "best of all possible worlds,"


 * ANTHROPOLOGIST:** Their differences


 * Philosopher King:** Opitimism, Religion, Corruption, morals of Sex and Rape? i guess

(1) "He could prove to wonderful effect that there was no effect without cause, and that, in this best of all possible worlds, his lordship the Baron's castle was the finest of castles and Her Ladyship the best of all possible baronesses." (pg 4, second para.)

Also stated in the Cover page of the Book under the word **//Candide,//** optimism seems to be one of the important keyfact that his writing was about. As it states Pangloss's wonderful "Optimistic" philosophy where everything in his world seems just so-very fantastic.

(2) "A hundred times I have wanted to kill myself, but I was still in love with life. This absurd weakness is perhaps one of our deadliest attachments: can anything be more foolish than to keep carrying a fardel and yet keep wanting to throw it to the ground? To hold one's existence in horror, and yet cling to it? In a word, to caress the serpent that devours us, until it has eaten away our heart?" (pg 31, first para.)

Very strong quote I thought, because it just meant that even being a child of the Pope himself, she wanted to kill herself more than a hundred times. It just was a quote that went against the laws of christianity and the whole church, where killing one's self is forbidden, yet she did not do so, not because of the fear of the consequences, but her "love for life." Smack across the head for the church.

(3) "'We do not pray to him at all,' said the honourable sage. 'We have nothing to ask of him; he has given us everything we need; we thank him unceasingly,'" (pg 47 middle)

This line hit probably most of the christians, as we pray everyday; every second to fulfill our greed, when truly, our "God" has given us everything we need to be happy, and enjoy life.