Jin+Soo+C,+pgs+28-31

__**Questions**__ 1. What are the three biggest targets of Voltaire's satire in these pages? Discuss, and give evidence by quoting exact passages. 2. Does Swift, in //Gulliver's Travels,// attack any of the targets you identified in question 1? Find passages from Swift's book as evidence. Then write a paragraph for each one, and discuss the similarities and/or differences. 3. Write from each of the starred roles in our literature circles, and discuss your section from each point of view.

__**Answers**__ 1. One of the biggest targets of Voltaire's satire in these pages are the desperation of men while at war. When the old woman was with the general of Turkish janissaries, they were defending a fort named Azov. Soon, the Turkish were being beaten down. Not long after, the Russians who were attacking decided to starve the Turks out. The Turks started acting like cannibals and began eating the eunuch guards. Soon, they decided to eat the women but the women were so beautiful and 'valuable', they only cut off one buttock of the old woman. This shows that men are desperate to have women when at times like this, the old woman was useless at combat.

Another target of Voltaire's satire is the Christian Church. on page 29, Voltaire creates an image where the Christian Church is a bad and ruthless organization. First, they create a treaty with the King of Morocco to give them gunpowder, cannons and ships to help them destroy other religions. This shows the the Church are so desperate to eliminate other churches so that they could convert other citizens without trouble or an competition. Second, when the Christian man promises to take the old woman back to Italy, he took him to another place and sold her. This is like the church selling indulgences to people. They are false and all that happens is that the church gains more money.

The last biggest target of Voltaire's satire is not attacking to bad things but observing how a good thing can better our lives. In page 31, the old woman expresses her feelings over her long and weary travels. She wants to suicide every now and then but she has a ray of hope that shines inside her that keeps her alive. It would be best when everybody had that. When people are poor, uneducated and miserable, they could work their way back to the top. This is a example of persistence. You don't stop trying till you have a happy life.

2. I guess that the last target that Ｉ　ｄｉｃｕｓｓｅｄ　ａｂｏｕｔ　ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｓ　ｔｏ　Ｇｕｌｌｉｖｅｒ．　Ｗｈｅｎ　Ｇｕｌｌｉｖｅｒ　ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓ　ｔｏ　ｓｅｔ　ｓａｉｌ　ａｇａｉｎ，　ｈｅ　ｉｓ　ｃａｓｔ　ｏｕｔ　ｂｙ　ａ　ｍｕｔｉｎｙ．　Ｔｈｅｎ　ｈｅ　ｍｅｅｔｓ　ｔ　ｈｅ　Ｈｏｕｙｎｙｍｓ．　Ｗｈｅｎ　ｈｅ　ｔｒｉｅｓ　ｔｏ　ｌｏｏｋ　ｆｏｒ　ｎｅｗ　ｌａｎｄ，I think that he is being persistent.

3.
 * New Critic:** "This absurd weakness is perhaps one of our deadliest attachments: can anything be more foolish to keep carrying a fardel (a burden) and yet keep wanting to throw it to the ground?" What the old woman is saying, Suicide is one of our non-understandable weaknesses and that what can be more stupid than attempting at something but you don't really want to do it? Voltaire is trying to say that we may have weaknesses such as suicide that we shouldn't waste our time doing useless stuff because it causes us to feel stressed and consequently, suicide.


 * Character Analysis:** Why did the author make it so that the old woman who was once a beautiful and rich princess was brought down to the level of a slave, doll and meal. He first makes her sound as if she was the queen of the world. Good voice, beautiful looks. I think that the old woman is one of the most dynamic person in this story. I think Voltaire tried to show both sides of poor and rich. How unfortunate one can be.


 * Psychology:** Again on page 30, when the janissaries are defending Azov, they worry about the hunger but want to preserve the women while at the same time, women cheat off men for their money and power. It's like an ongoing war of who is better. In my opinion, I think men need to think more and women need to feel more.


 * Historian:** When the part when the Christian lies to the old woman, it is a mirror of how the church sold indulgences. They lied and got money from this scheme. It was like the Catholic Church at Candide's time that the people were scared of the Church's saying that if they didn't buy their indulgences, they would go to hell.


 * Anthropologist:** On page 33, the old woman says that Cunegonde should marry the Don Fernando d'Ibaraa y Figueora y Mascarenes y Lampourdos y Souza just because he is the most powerful nobleman in the Americas. What ever happened to sincere love and charming acts? Do women only marry for power and money? This shows that woman are corrupted. Even more, the old woman suggested that she should also take Candide's fortune as well.


 * Philosopher King:** One theme that I found was that on page 29. When the old woman states that a plague is worse than an earthquake. This represents that some things may seem the same but actually they're different. For example, WW1 and the nuclear-bombing near Hiroshima. WW1, many were killed as the bombing but the bombing is worse. The nuclear radiation infected the babies of Hiroshima and the women so that next generations would be disabled and this continued on whereas WW1, a generation was lost but it was back to normal in a couple of years.

New Critic: Quote the key passages and explain how they work. Character Analysis: How the author creates the characters and why. (Changes (dynamic) or no change(static)) Psychology: Male/female, old/young, east/west, rich/poor. Historian: how the book mirrors its time. Anthropologist: culture, dark side, unmasking. Philosopher King: Big ideas. themes
 * __Role Notes__**