IrisR&JosephineL~Pages+68-75

a) The characteristics of Signor Pococurante is a satire of everything towards Venice. in page 75, it states, "I am told they are the finest thing in Italy, but I don't in the least care for them... I shall only like a picture when I can believe I am looking at nature itself." Also on page 75, Signor Pococurante is not happy with any of the aspects of Venice. "...for I am rather weary of the society ladies..." "I'm tired of composing sonnets, or having sonnets composed, in their honor." He also talks about all of the negative things towards music, art, women, and literature. b) There is another satire towards England and France and also Canada. In the first paragraph of Chapter 23, he describes how Candide did not want to set foot in England because he saw that they had executed an admiral to encourage others to fight harder against the enemy. Voltaire also describes how the battle between England and France was pointless because Canada was not worth it. Candide also says, "Are they as mad there as in France?" when he goes to England. c) Another satire was when Candide met Paquette and Brother Girofleo. On page 73, he says, "I wish every last Theatine at the bottom of the sea. I have been tempted a hundred times to set fire on the monastery and go and turn Turk." This shows a satire on the religion that was believed in that time.
 * 1. What are the three biggest targets of Voltaire's satire in these pages? Discuss, and give evidence by quoting exact passages.**

a) In Gulliver, page 2038-2039 "Which two mighty powers [Lilliput and Blefuscu] have, as I was going to tell you, been engaged in a most obstinate war for six and thirty moons past. It began upon the following occasion It is allowed on all hands, that the primitive way of breaking eggs before we eat them, was upon the larger end: but his present Majesty's grandfather, while he was a boy, going to eat an egg, and breaking i according to the ancient practice, happened to cut one of his finger. Whereupon the Emperor his father published and edict, commanding all his subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller end of their eggs" This passage describes Lilliputians and people of Blefuscu as Catholics and Protestants, like Lilliput and Blefuscu fighting for just a silly topic, how to crack an egg, Brother Girofleo is also hating monastery and want to change him as Turk. Both Gulliver and Candide is criticizing the religious group about fighting each other for silly topic. b)In Gulliver' Travels, Swift describes Yahoos or people as evil creature but in Candide, the author describes people as more unfortunate rather than evil. "the Yahoos were known to hate one another, more than they did any different species of animals...you throw among five Yahoos as much food as would be sufficient for fifty, they will, instead of eating peaceably, fall together by the ears, each single one impatient to have all to itself; and therefore a servant was usually employed to stand by while they were feeding abroad, and those kept at home were tied at a distance from each other"(page2148-2149) In this quote the Houyhnhnm describes Yahoos as greedy, evil, selfish creature.
 * 2. Does Swift, in Gulliver's Travels, attack any of the targets you identified in question 1? Find passages from Swift's book as evidence. Then write a paragraph for each one, and discuss the similarities and/or differences.**

//Roles: New Critic: quote the passages & explain how they work//** The passage where on page 74 shows that Martin is a pessimist and it shows the differences between Martin and Pangloss. Pangloss was an optimist, always being positive and saying that things were for the best. When Candide says that he has hope for meeting Cunegonde, Martin says, "...that one day she may make you happy, but I doubt it very much." Martin says that he knows what life is. In this section, Martin is the dynamic, He does not change his opinion of the world, and he says that he knows it all. Martin is the pessimist, always on the negative side of things. Martin gives a new idea to Candide that people do not seem like what they look like they are. On page 74, Candide and Martin talk about the gondoliers. Candide says, "...do they not sing all day long?" Martin says, "Yes, but you don't see them at home with their wives and their squalling children." We think the author created the character to give the bad, or dark side of what seems light and happy. Martin tells Candide of reality, not a psychological theory that states that all things were going to be best. In this section, it shows that male has power over female. On page 72, Paquette describes that she had to fake how she felt to please the monk.
 * 3. Write from each of the starred roles in our literature circles, and discuss your section from each point of view.
 * //Character Analyst: Dynamic(no change) How & why the author creates the character//**
 * //Psychological Critic: Male/female, old/young, eastern/western, rich/poor//**
 * //Historian: how the book mirrors its time

Anthropologist: culture differences and its dark side (unmasking)//** The dark side of the cultures are shown in the passages when the characters start to describe what had happened to them.
 * //Philosopher King: Big ideas & Themes//**